NEWS

Explore the ways that CAgroup Anode Solutions has been making waves in the industry and within our highly experienced, specialised teams.

Copper 2022 – Conference & Exhibition

CAgroup Pty Ltd attended the Copper 2022 Conference & Exhibition held in Santiago (13-17 November 2022).

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Malaco Leichhardt Pty Ltd Mount Cuthbert Project

CAgroup had supplied the original anodes to Cape Lambert many years prior.

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BHP Minera Spence

CAgroup continues to monitor and assess the performance of these anodes, improving on the design and anode performance with each new replacement.

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BHP Olympic Dam

In 2011, CAgroup supplied over 3,000 anodes to Olympic Dam as part of a major project to increase output and improve current efficiency. With the successful completion of this project, these anodes continue to perform extremely well with very high current efficiencies.

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KAZ Minerals Aktogay Project

In 2013 CAgroup contracted with Kazakhmys Aktogay LLC to supply 5,616 new anodes for their new Aktogay Oxide Project in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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Cutting & Bending

Copper bars are taken as raw material and are cut into size. Some bars are bent to configuration as required. 

CAgroup can deliver any custom bar specification, according to the client’s need.

Hook Fitting

CAgroup offers a wide range of hook accessories. Hooks are added to the hanger bars per client requirements, especially in the case of anodes for Zinc Electrowinning.

CAgroup can deliver any custom bar specification, according to the client’s need.

Quality Assurance/ Quality Control

All anodes supplied are hard-stamped with a unique identifying number, allowing traceability of that anode right back through the quality system. For each project, a full certification “passport” is supplied to the client, which includes material analysis, mechanical testing, tolerance control and conductivity performance.

Testing and certification are conducted at CAgroup in-house laboratory utilising state-of-the-art testing equipment to test material alloys, microstructure, hardness, mechanical properties and tolerance control.

Blasting

Rolled anodes used in Zinc electrowinning are usually blasted according to client specifications, such as surface roughness, to ensure optimum anode conditioning.

Materials:
Calcium/Tin/Lead Anodes

When in use, pure lead cannot support its own weight and will creep. This creep will break the lead oxide layer on the anode surface, causing exposure of fresh lead to oxidisation and corrosion. Alloying of the lead increases the mechanical strength during use, preventing creep and thus the cracking of the oxidised surface layer and maintaining the anode shape. Lead antimony, lead tin antimony and lead silver were used for many years in copper and zinc electrowinning as alloys to provide the desired mechanical properties. With the advent of solvent extraction and electrowinning systems to produce high-purity cathode deposits, the need arose for much lower lead levels in the cathode deposit. As such, alloys with calcium were developed to reduce the level of lead deposit. As calcium lead alloys are relatively weak, tin is added to increase mechanical strength and decrease creep. Tin addition also reduces passivation when the power is interrupted.

Silver/Lead Anodes

Silver Lead Anodes are used in Zinc Electrowinning. Silver reduces the rate of corrosion over the service life. Typically, the silver content is between 0.4% and 1%. To improve the mechanical properties of the Ag-Pb anodes, allowing elements such as strontium, barium and calcium can be added.

Assembly

The rolled blade and the hanger bar are joined together by lead burning consisting of a full penetration stitch weld (continuous) and then, a second fillet weld.

All assembly will be carried out on custom made jigs to ensure all anodes are concentric.

After assembly, anodes will be removed from the jigs and randomly checked for verticality.

Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Rolling: Rolled Anode

Rolled alloys used for anodes are superior to cast anodes, as the rolling process changes the cast grain structure to produce fine uniform directional grains and reduces the corrosion rate. The rolled anode is produced from large cast slabs, which cool sufficiently slowly so that all the included air and dross generated during the pouring process are removed prior to solidification before rolling. Thus, there are no oxides, air inclusions or laminations.

The rolled anode has a much finer and more uniform grain structure than cast anodes. Corrosion occurs as a fine, uniform, thin layer.

Packaging
and Shipping

Anodes are packed vertically in purpose designed, export quality wooden crates for shipment to clients around the world.

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